{"id":1576,"date":"2013-05-18T19:43:38","date_gmt":"2013-05-18T18:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/?p=1576"},"modified":"2013-05-18T19:43:38","modified_gmt":"2013-05-18T18:43:38","slug":"4p1l-push-pull-amplifier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/","title":{"rendered":"4P1L Push-pull Amplifier"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Shiny Eyes by Radu C. Tarta<\/h1>\n<blockquote><p>This is a fantastic 4P1L push pull\u00a0incarnation\u00a0done by Radu. I hope you enjoy reading this post as much as I did. Cheers, Ale<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;Shiny Eyes&#8221; Push-Pull tube amplifier is the result of 6 months of research, experimentation and lots of music listening. It started in the summer of 2012 when life opportunity re-opened the door of an old passion: electron tubes. However, this time my goals were directed towards audio. I understood from the beginning that after 30 years of interruption I have to dedicate a great amount of time and energy to catch up with technology and ideas. I want to thank my wife Paula for her emotional support and understanding. I am also grateful to the fanatics from the DIYaudio community for their contribution to the world of tube audio experimentation. Personal thanks to Kevin Carter of K&amp;K Audio for his advises and help, to Ale Moglia of Bartola Valves for his inspiring work and to Rod Coleman for his excellent filament regulators.<\/p>\n<h2>Initial tests<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu1.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1577\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu1.png?fit=491%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"491,536\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu1.png?fit=491%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-1577\" alt=\"radu1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu1.png?resize=344%2C375\" width=\"344\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu1.png?w=491&amp;ssl=1 491w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu1.png?resize=274%2C300&amp;ssl=1 274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 85vw, 344px\" \/><\/a>Here are few images taken during design, experimentation and final building: Early stages&#8230;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1579\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1579\" style=\"width: 666px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1579\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png?fit=666%2C497&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"666,497\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png?fit=666%2C497&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" wp-image-1579\" alt=\"radu2\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png?resize=666%2C497\" width=\"666\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png?w=666&amp;ssl=1 666w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png?resize=300%2C223&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu2.png?resize=402%2C300&amp;ssl=1 402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1579\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Initial breadboard<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1580\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1580\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1580\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png?fit=710%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"710,530\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png?fit=710%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" wp-image-1580\" alt=\"radu3\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png?resize=710%2C530\" width=\"710\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png?w=710&amp;ssl=1 710w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png?resize=300%2C223&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu3.png?resize=401%2C300&amp;ssl=1 401w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1580\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layout design stage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-square tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.bartola.co.uk\\\/valves\\\/2013\\\/05\\\/18\\\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:35997060}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu4\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1581\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu4.png\" data-orig-size=\"769,575\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu4.png?fit=300%2C224&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu4.png?fit=769%2C575&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu4.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu4.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu4.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"radu4\" alt=\"Here is the top plate CNC-ed at high quality by ProtoPanel\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Here is the top plate CNC-ed at high quality by ProtoPanel <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu5\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1582\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu5.png\" data-orig-size=\"775,582\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu5.png?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu5.png?fit=775%2C582&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu5.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu5.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu5.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"radu5\" alt=\"Earth bond\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Earth bond <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu6\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1583\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu6.png\" data-orig-size=\"761,571\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu6.png?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu6.png?fit=761%2C571&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu6.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu6.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu6.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"radu6\" alt=\"Loctal sockets for the 4P1L\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Loctal sockets for the 4P1L <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu7\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1584\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu7.png\" data-orig-size=\"763,572\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu7.png?fit=300%2C224&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu7.png?fit=763%2C572&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu7.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu7.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu7.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"radu7\" alt=\"Wiring the amp\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Wiring the amp <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu8\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1585\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png\" data-orig-size=\"828,621\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu8\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png?fit=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png?fit=828%2C621&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu8.png?zoom=3&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 828w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"radu8\" alt=\"Testing\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Testing <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/radu9\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1586\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu9.png\" data-orig-size=\"813,607\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"radu9\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu9.png?fit=300%2C223&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu9.png?fit=813%2C607&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu9.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu9.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/radu9.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"radu9\" alt=\"Finished amp without transformer covers\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Finished amp without transformer covers <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n<h2>Final build and design notes<\/h2>\n<p>Design goals:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pleasure our senses<\/li>\n<li>not trying to measure perfect, but make it sound warm and transparent<\/li>\n<li>zero global feedback<\/li>\n<li>2 stages design, 4\u041f1\u041b DHT triode strapped for final valves<\/li>\n<li>minimum number of capacitors in the signal path<\/li>\n<li>quality components in a reasonable budget<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Schematic description:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>played with different final stage tubes(6P3, KT77, 6C41, 4\u041f1\u041b) and driver stage tubes(6S3P, 6C45P, 6H6,6E5P,6H30P) and loved the sound of 4\u041f1\u041b and 6H30\u041f-EB.<\/li>\n<li>4\u041f1\u041b filaments powered from a separate dual bobbin transformer, 11V raw supply and Rod Coleman&#8217;s regulators ( one for each channel)<\/li>\n<li>6H30\u041f-EB filament DC powered<\/li>\n<li>lots of Lundahl iron: LL1649 main, LL1638 Choke in special configuration for improved common mode rejection, LL1663 as OT, LL1660\/10mA Alt &#8220;V&#8221; as IT<\/li>\n<li>bridge rectifier using UF5408 ultrafast rectifier and filtering capacitors are Clarity Caps TC series 110uF<\/li>\n<li>Delay HT 60 seconds based on 555 IC<\/li>\n<li>Final stage parallel 4\u041f1\u041b (4X 4\u041f1\u041b) filament biased, operating point at 245 V, 35mA, -21V ( tubes were selected to match as close as possible<\/li>\n<li>Driver stage\u00a0 6H30\u041f-EB balanced and cryogenic treated(tried also the standard version but liked the sound of the cryo better(more depth)), cathode biased, operating point at 120V, 25mA, -5.5V<\/li>\n<li>Elna Cerafine for cathode caps and Takman for resistors in the signal path except the final stage cathode (filament) resistor which is wire wound chassis mount<\/li>\n<li>Wires in the signal path are Teflon silver plated ( just had them and try to give it a shot, but I didn&#8217;t hear any noticeable difference in sound. However, I like to work with Teflon isolation)<\/li>\n<li>ground wiring is a combination of star and ground follow signal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>THD measurements<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Gain 17dB (7.3X)<\/li>\n<li>Maximum power before clipping:\u00a0 7W<\/li>\n<li>When 1Vrms input signal, 6.7W power output @ 0.2% THD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N.B. Measurements were done repeatedly under the same conditions, however high accuracy and precision was limited by measuring tools used. To measure THD I used ARTA software and USB external sound card EMU0204 and a attenuator interface( THD of sound card and attenuator at -17dB position was 0.025%) to protect the sound card. To measure and visualize output signal a Rigol DS1102E digital oscilloscope was used.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-square tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{&quot;blog_id&quot;:1,&quot;permalink&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.bartola.co.uk\\\/valves\\\/2013\\\/05\\\/18\\\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\\\/&quot;,&quot;likes_blog_id&quot;:35997060}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/fft1\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1587\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png\" data-orig-size=\"850,627\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"FFT1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png?fit=300%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png?fit=840%2C620&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT1.png?zoom=3&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 828w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"FFT1\" alt=\"FFT1\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/fft2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1588\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png\" data-orig-size=\"883,651\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"FFT2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png?fit=300%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png?fit=840%2C619&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT2.png?zoom=3&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 828w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"FFT2\" alt=\"FFT2\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"gallery-group\" style=\"width: 280px; height: 280px;\" data-original-width=\"280\" data-original-height=\"280\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item \" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/fft3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"276\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1591\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png\" data-orig-size=\"883,651\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"FFT3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png?fit=300%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png?fit=840%2C619&#038;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png?w=276&#038;h=276&#038;crop=1&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png?zoom=2&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 552w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/FFT3.png?zoom=3&amp;resize=276%2C276&amp;ssl=1 828w\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"276\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"FFT3\" alt=\"FFT3\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n<h2><b>Listening impressions<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>vocal sounds amazing, transparent and warm<\/li>\n<li>instrumental sounds well defined, full of depth and great separation<\/li>\n<li>sound is amazing for jazz, classical and vocal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>My setup is: Marantz CD5001 player and Klipsch Synergy B3 speakers<\/p>\n<h2><b>Final Note<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1578\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/dsc00439\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?fit=4896%2C3672&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4896,3672\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DSC-WX100&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1368792670&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.45&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1600&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.05&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"DSC00439\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?fit=840%2C630&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-large wp-image-1578\" alt=\"DSC00439\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439-1024x768.jpg?resize=584%2C438\" width=\"584\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?w=1680&amp;ssl=1 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSC00439.jpg?w=2520&amp;ssl=1 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 85vw, 584px\" \/><\/a>This amplifier will come soon at <a href=\"www.simplepleasuretubeamp.com\">www.simplepleasuretubeamp.com<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>I am working on a documentation for my amp, and I am hoping on performing more accurate measurements. However, this amp&#8217;s sound can better tell the truth.<\/p>\n<p>Hope that you enjoy seeing a finalized amp with the amazingly linear Russian 4\u041f1\u041b.<\/p>\n<p>Best regards,<\/p>\n<p>Radu Tarta<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shiny Eyes by Radu C. Tarta This is a fantastic 4P1L push pull\u00a0incarnation\u00a0done by Radu. I hope you enjoy reading this post as much as I did. Cheers, Ale Introduction &#8220;Shiny Eyes&#8221; Push-Pull tube amplifier is the result of 6 months of research, experimentation and lots of music listening. It started in the summer of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/2013\/05\/18\/4p1l-push-pull-amplifier\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;4P1L Push-pull Amplifier&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[157,5],"tags":[782,400,399],"class_list":["post-1576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-push-pull-designs","category-valves","tag-4p1l","tag-4p1l-pp","tag-4p1l-push-pull-amp"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2r2tK-pq","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1576"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1594,"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1576\/revisions\/1594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bartola.co.uk\/valves\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}